BIS warns cryptocurrency exchanges are becoming ‘shadow banks,’ and why that’s a risk

BIS warns cryptocurrency exchanges are becoming ‘shadow banks,’ and why that's a risk
BIS Tower. (BIS/Media Gallery)
The BIS report authors stated without proper rules and safeguards, crypto exchanges pose a risk to users’ assets as seen with Celsius and FTX. (BIS/Media Gallery)

What to know:

  • A Bank for International Settlements report warns that many crypto exchanges now offer bank-like lending and yield products that function as unsecured loans to lightly regulated shadow banks.
  • The report says these “earn” and yield products, heavily marketed to retail investors as passive-income tools, pool customer assets into risky activities without deposit insurance, clear transparency or traditional banking safeguards.
  • Citing the collapses of Celsius Network and FTX and the October 2025 flash crash, the authors argue that leverage, opacity and deposit-like promises without protection leave users directly exposed to platform solvency risks.
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